Wood encyclopedia

Alder

Vielfältiges Holz aus den gemäßigten Klimazonen

Erle (ALGL)

Alnus glutinosa – Schwarzerle, Roterle (DE); common alder, black alder, European alder, European black alder (GB)

botanische Bezeichnung

Alnus spp., Familie Betulaceae

Verbreitung

Nördliche gemäßigte Klimazonen weltweit

Alder

kurz und knapp

The alder genus (Alnus) comprises over 30 species, around a third of which are found in North America, Europe and Asia. These small to medium-sized trees prefer moist locations in moderately warm countries in the northern hemisphere and can form pure stands as fast-growing pioneer wood species. Some species extend to more southerly locations in Central and South America, North Africa, Taiwan and Vietnam, accompanied by the mountains.

Black alder (A. glutinosa), gray alder (A. incana) and American red alder (A. rubra) play a particularly important role in the European market. The gray alder from Northern Europe and Western Siberia is also traded and used due to its similarity to the black alder.

Erle nachhaltige Holzpflege aus 100% natürlichen Inhaltsstoffen. studio moreandless

Erle o nachhaltige Holzpflege aus 100% natürlichen Inhaltsstoffen. studio moreandless

Color and texture

Alder wood, without real heartwood, is pale yellowish to light reddish white when fresh and predominantly pale yellowish to reddish brown when dry. The differences in color between the species are barely discernible. The growth zones are difficult to identify on smooth surfaces due to slight differences in light and dark between early and late wood. Pores are scattered, very fine and barely visible without a magnifying glass. The wood rays are narrow and low and do not strongly influence the appearance of the wood.

Charakter

Alder wood is characterized by a uniform structure and an apparently non-porous surface. The color varies from pale yellowish brown to reddish brown.

Workability

Machining alder wood requires a moderate amount of force and mainly results in smooth surfaces. In the case of knots or fiber deviations, felty surfaces can occur, especially when turning and milling. Corner joints, nails, screws and glued joints hold well. The peeling, slicing, turning and milling of alder wood is problem-free.

Drying process

The shrinkage values of the alder are in the medium range and result in satisfactory to good stability. Drying is fast and rarely leads to cracking or warping. However, the wood tends to brown, which can be minimized by briefly heating it to 95 °C in saturated steam during technical drying.

Natural durability

Die Dauerhaftigkeit des Kernholzes gegen Pilzbefall ist sehr gering, und das Holz ist besonders anfällig gegenüber Termiten und anderen Insekten, was es zur Dauerhaftigkeitsklasse 5 nach DIN EN 350 macht.

Areas of application

Alder wood is used in many different ways, especially in small dimensions and where no special strength requirements apply. It is used in glued panels for furniture construction, turned, milled or carved furniture parts, drawer sides, housings, model making, picture frames, decorative strips, bobbins, toys, beehives, special charcoal and components under (fresh) water. As a veneer, it is suitable for boards, barriers, paneling and panels.

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Amaranth

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